Most peripherals connect via a USB port and most motherboards only come with two USB ports. If you need more ports, there are a variety of different ways to achieve this. The first way is to buy a USB Hub or PCI card offering additional ports. Another option is to buy a monitor or keyboard with builtin USB ports.
You can buy a wide range of USB peripherals, including scanners and printers. Also, many computer mice and keyboards also make use of the USB connector. If you find you have too few USB connections, making use of a USB hub to provide extra ports can be helpful.
There are now more esoteric devices being created based on USB technology, including USB-based storage devices that allow you to store several hundred megabytes of information, as well as offering a removable storage solution (i.e. data storage that can be taken away from your computer). There is even a watch that provides this function. For higher capacity storage, external USB hard drives are also available.