The outer layer of the wall of the large intestine (colon) is weaker in some areas than in others, and as most people get older, small portions of the inner layers can be forced outwards through the outer layer to form bulging pouches known as diverticula. The formation of these pouches is usually caused by pressure on the colon over time, and is a condition known as diverticulosis or uncomplicated diverticular disease.
The majority of people with diverticula do not suffer any symptoms, and are not even aware that they have the condition. However, in around 10% of sufferers, one or more pouches becomes infected or inflamed, causing severe abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and a marked change in bowel habits. This condition is known as diverticulitis, and whilst mild cases may be treated with drugs, rest and changes in the diet, severe cases may need surgery to remove the affected portion of the colon. If the diverticula ruptures, then it may cause peritonitis - a serious infection of the membrane lining that covers the intestinal tract and surrounds the organs in the abdomen. This can result in infection so widespread that the patient dies.
In this section we've put together a guide to the causes and symptoms of diverticular disease, along with information on its diagnosis and treatment.
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