If, after hearing a detailed description of a patient's signs and symptoms, a doctor suspects that they might have Raynaud's, they will then examine the patient carefully in order to rule out other conditions, such as a pinched nerve, scleroderma or arthritis. They may then carry out a cold-simulation test, which is designed to trigger an episode of Raynaud's by exposing the patient to cold air or by placing their hands in cool water.
Although it is relatively easy for a doctor to diagnose Raynaud's, it is usually more difficult for them to identify if the patient has primary Raynaud's or whether another condition is causing their symptoms (secondary Raynaud's). However, they may be able to do this by examining the capillaries (tiny blood vessels) near the nail fold (the skin at the base of the fingernail) under a microscope. This procedure is known as nail fold capillaroscopy. Although deformed or enlarged capillaries may indicate an underlying disease, not all secondary conditions can be identified by this test.
If the doctor does suspect an underlying condition, they may also carry out a blood test to check for autoimmune or connective tissue disease. This may include an antinuclear antibodies (ANA) test, which checks for an overactive immune system, which is common in people who have connective tissue diseases or other autoimmune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
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