Primary schools do not have to teach PSHE and citizenship, but the government encourages them to do so. However, it might not be taught as a subject in its own right - it could be taught through other subjects or by creating special opportunities for children to take responsibility.
1. Developing Confidence and Responsibility
Children are taught: - about the range of jobs carried out by people they know, and to understand how they can develop skills to make their own contribution in the future
- to recognise their worth as individuals by identifying positive things about themselves and their achievements, seeing their mistakes, making amends and setting personal goals
- to talk and write about their opinions, and explain their views, on issues that affect themselves and society
- to recognise how people's emotions change at puberty and how to deal with their feelings towards themselves, their family and others in a positive way
- to face new challenges positively by collecting information, looking for help, making responsible choices, and taking action
- to look after their money and realise that future wants and needs may be met through saving
2. Citizenship
Children are taught: - what democracy is, and about the basic institutions that support it locally and nationally
- why and how rules and laws are made and enforced, why different rules are needed in different situations and how to take part in changing and making rules
- that there are different kinds of responsibilities, rights and duties at home, at school and in the community, and that these can sometimes conflict with each other
- to realise the consequences of aggressive and anti-social behaviours, such as racism and bullying, on individuals and communities
- to reflect on spiritual, moral, social, and cultural issues, using imagination to understand other people's experiences
- to resolve differences by looking at alternatives, making decisions and explaining choices
- to recognise the role of voluntary, community and pressure groups
- to appreciate the range of national, regional, religious and ethnic identities in the United Kingdom
- that resources can be allocated in different ways and that these economic choices affect individuals, communities and the sustainability of the environment
- to explore how the media present information.
- to research, discuss and debate topical issues, events and problems
3. Developing a Healthy, Safe Lifestyle
Children are taught: - what makes a healthy lifestyle
- the benefits of exercise and healthy eating
- what affects mental health
- how to make informed choices
- school rules about health and safety, basic emergency aid procedures and where to get help
- how bacteria and viruses can affect health
- how the body changes as they approach puberty
- which commonly available substances and drugs are legal and illegal, their effects and risks
- to recognise the different risks in different situations and then decide how to behave responsibly
- that pressure to behave in an unacceptable or risky way can come from a variety of sources, including people they know
- how to ask for help and use basic techniques for resisting pressure to do wrong
4. Respecting Others
Children are taught: - that their actions affect themselves and others
- to care about other people's feelings
- to try to see things from their points of view
- to think about the lives of people living in other places and times
- to think about the lives of people with different values and customs
- to be aware of different types of relationship
- to develop the skills to be effective in relationships
- to realise the nature and consequences of racism, teasing, bullying and aggressive behaviours
- how to respond to aggressive and anti-social behaviours and ask for help
- to recognise and challenge stereotypes
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