Primary schools do not have to teach Personal, Social and Health Education (PSHE), but the government encourages them to do so. However, it might not be taught as a subject in its own right - it could be taught through other subjects or by creating special opportunities for children to take responsibility.
1. Developing Confidence and Responsibility
Children are taught:
- to recognise what they like and dislike, what is fair and unfair, and what is right and wrong
- to share their opinions on things that matter to them and explain their views
- how to recognise, name and deal with their feelings in a positive way
- to think about themselves, learn from their experiences and recognise what they are good at
- how to set simple goals
2. Citizenship
Children are taught:
- that they belong to various groups and communities, such as family and school
- how to contribute to the life of the class and school
- to agree and follow rules for their group and classroom, and understand how rules help them
- to realise that people and other living things have needs, and that they have responsibilities to meet them
- what improves and harms their local environment and about some of the ways it can be looked after
- to take part in discussions with one other person and the whole class
3. Developing a Healthy, Safe Lifestyle
Children are taught:
- the names of the main parts of the body
- how to maintain personal hygiene
- how to make simple choices that improve their health and well-being
- how some diseases spread and can be controlled
- about the process of growing from young to old and how people's needs change
- that all household products, including medicines, can be harmful if not used properly
- about people who can help them to stay safe
- rules for, and ways of, keeping safe, such as basic road safety
4. Respecting Others
Children are taught:
- to identify and respect the differences and similarities between people
- that family and friends should care for each other
- to listen to other people, and play and work cooperatively
- to recognise how their behaviour affects other people
- that bullying is wrong
- how to get help to deal with bullying
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