A system which forces additional air (and thus more oxygen) into the cylinders so that more fuel can be burned per stroke, resulting in the production of more power.
A supercharger can be powered mechanically by belt, gear, or chain-drive from the engine's crankshaft. It may also be driven by the re-circulation of exhaust gases from the engine, in which case it is known as a turbo-supercharger - or more commonly as a turbocharger.